Computer Notation-based Music Composition and the Delayed Introduction of Musical Expression Markings

Abstract

The present study concerns itself with the manner in which composers create a musical score via the use of music notation software. Several composers took part in a study during which they completed three tasks: one composition and two arrangements/orchestrations. Of particular interest for this study was the order in which composers enter musical notes and other musical expression markings that provide information for the live performance of the music. Also of interest was whether or not these expression markings are entered simultaneously with the entry of the musical notes, or whether they are added later once all note entry is complete, and whether or not the use of MIDI playback facilities influences these decisions. This study analysed the results for two participants, who were at different levels of experience in both composition and in the use of notation software. The analysis suggests that composers begin by entering the pitches and durations of notes before expression markings are added. The more experienced participant added expression markings almost simultaneously with the entry of notes during a composition component of the test, but not during the two arrangement tasks. The less-experienced participant tended to omit musical expression markings during all three tasks.